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动词 1. This kind of cake tastes _______. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 2. The children all looked _______ at the broken model plane and felt quite _______. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad 3. This kind of paper _______ nice. A. feel B. felt C. is feeling D. feels4. _______ everyone here today? A. Be B. Are C. Is D. Am 5. Harry is older than I. But he _______ younger than I. A. look B. looks C. looked D. looking 6. It _______ like the singing of the birds. A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes 7. This math problem is _______ and I can do it _______. A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy 8. Coffee is ready. How nice it _______。 Would you like some? A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels 9. In winter the days _______ colder and colder. A. gets B. getting C. got D. get 10. He _______ pale at the thought. A. got B. looked C. turned D. seemed
【答案详解】
1. A.连系动词taste后应接形容词作表语。
2. D.根据句意，句中的look at是行为动词，所以修饰此动词时应用副词；在连系动词feel后应用形容词作表语。
3. D.当this kind of…作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
4. C.当复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
5. B.根据句意和前句时态，后句应用一般现在时。
6. A.根据语境，只有sounds（听起来）符合题意。looks意为“看起来”，smells意为“闻起来”，tastes 意为“尝起来”。
7. A.连系动词is后接形容词。根据句意，修饰行为动词do用副词。
8. B.根据语境和首句（Coffee is ready），此处用smell才符合题意。
9. D.根据常识我们知道冬季天气寒冷，故用一般现在时。
10. C.根据语境只能使用turned，句意为“一想到这儿，他的脸就发白了”。
第5章 助动词一.概念:助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种.二.相关知识点精讲:1. 助动词be的用法 1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
2） be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。
例如：He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。b. 表示命令。
例如：You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。c. 征求意见。
例如：How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他。Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢。d. 表示相约、商定。例如：We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。2. 助动词have的用法 1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态。
例如：He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如：I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
3）have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如：English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。3.助动词do 的用法 1）构成一般疑问句。例如：Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗。
Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗。2）do + not 构成否定句。
例如：I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。He doesn"t like to study. 他不想学习。In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3） 构成否定祈使句。例如：Don"t go there. 不要去那里。Don"t be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。
例如：Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you. 我确实想你。5）用于倒装句。例如：Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
6）用作代动词。
例如：---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗。---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜欢。
（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）He knows how to drive a car, doesn"t he? 他知道如何开车，对吧。4. 助动词shall和will的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如：I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。
现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:He shall come. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）He will come. 他要来。
（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）5.助动词should, would的用法 1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。
例如：I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。比较："What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么。
"我问道。可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。
例如：He said he would come. 他说他要来。比较："I will go," he said. 他说："我要去那儿。"变成间接引语，就成了He said he would come。原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。 6. 短语动词 动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。
例如：Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词）短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：1）动词+副词，如：black out；2）动词+介词，如：look into；3）动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词三.巩固练习 it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.a. have b. will have c. has d. shall he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.a. will rise b. shall rise b. should rise would the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.a. has made b. have made c. had made d. having made4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.a. don’t/had b. didn’t/have c. didn’t/had d. don’t/have5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time?a. Do/have come b. Did/will have come c. Does/will come d. Do/will have said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus.a. was runing b. was running c. were running d. is sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey.a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked8.“______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel.a. Should b. Can c. Might d. are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time.a. they may not at all b. all they may not c. they can’t all d. all they can’t10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.”a. mustn’t attend b. cannot have attended c. would have not attended d. needn’t have attended11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?”“No, officer. I ______. This car can’t do more than 80.”a. didn’t need to be b. may not have been c. couldn’t have been d. needn’t have was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able they ______, our plan will fall flat.a. are co-operating b. had not co-operated c. won’t co-operate d. didn’t co-operate14.I hoped ______ my letter.a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answers d. her ______ live in the country than in the city.a. prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather16.______ to see a film with us today?a. Did you like b. Would you like c. Will you like d. Have you liked17.I’m sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply ______ what I did.a. must do b. had to do c. ought to have done d. have to do18.“Time is running out,______?”a. hadn’t we better got start b. hadn’t we better get ’t we better get started d. hadn’t we better not one ______ that to his face.a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.a. need b. ought c. must d. ______ last week if you were really serious about your work.a. ought to come b. ought to be coming c. ought have come d. ought to have elephants ought ______ hours ago by the keepers.a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed23.“I wonder why they’re late.” “They ______ the train.”a. can have missed b. could miss c. may have missed d. might miss24.“Tom graduated from college at a very young age.” “He ______ have been an outstanding student.”a. must b. could c. should d. ______ the examination again since you had already passed it.a. needn’t have taken b. didn’t need to take c. needn’t take d. mustn’t is really incompetent。 The letter ______ yesterday.a. should be finished typing b. must be finished have finished typing c. should have been finished boy told his father that he would rather ______ an astronaut.a. become b. to become c. becoming d. we reached the station, the train had still not arrived; so we ______.a. needed not to hurry b. needn’t have hurried c. need not to have hurried d. didn’t need to your roommate is visiting her family this weekend,_____ you like to have dinner with us tonight?a. will b. won’t c. wouldn’t d. was afraid what he had done ______ a disastrous effect on his career.a. might have b. could be c. have been d. shall be四.答案1-10 BDACDBDBCB 11-20 CDCBDBBCCB 21-30 DDCABDABCA
情态动词有四类：
①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to
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位置:
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看见你，过来吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you?
我能帮你吗。
How dare you treat us like that。
你怎能那样对待我们。
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特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.
他很快就来。
We can"t carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I"m sorry I can"t help you.
对不起，我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：
What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）
I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
1） 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。
如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2） 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：
They need not have been punished so severely.
3） 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：
She dare not say what she thinks.
4） 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：
Still, she needn"t have run away.
5） 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6） 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn"t be reading a novel.
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用法
首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。
用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形
例句：I can read this sentence in English.
我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗。
Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗。
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
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功能
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。
基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：
1） 构成否定式：
He didn"t go and neither did she. 。